A multitude of structures may be used to increase the bandwidth of microstrip antenna, for example, stacked patches. For the band from 37 to 38.6 GHz, the bandwidth is required to be at least 4.3%. The bandwidth of microstrip antenna on a thin laminate tends to be narrow, often less than 3%. From the comparison in Table 1, it can be seen that the impedance bandwidths of the series-fed antenna arrays range from 2.4% to 5%.
#Patch antenna array calculator Patch
Series-fed structures are often used in many millimetre-wave patch array antennas, especially for the systems in the 37/39-GHz band, because the less complexity of the feeding circuits is preferred for the antenna gain enhancement. Due to low profile, light weight, and readiness for both fabrication and integration, it can be seen that microstrip antennas are suitably employed for the 5G millimetre-wave systems. In, a 37-GHz dual-polarized 2×2 subarray antenna is realized by substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) on low-temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC). In, 2×2 and 3×3 series-fed patch arrays for 28-GHz beam-steering applications are designed. In, a 28/38 GHz dual-band microstrip printed slot antenna array is proposed.
Each subarray can cover ± 40° scanning range by controlling phase shifter assemblies (PSA).
In, a switchable phased array composed of three subarrays of patch antennas is proposed for coverage extension. In, a 28-GHz 16-element mesh-grid patch antenna array is realized on a multilayer FR4 with low radiation efficiency. In, a 28-GHz 4×2 circular-polarization microstrip antenna subarray is designed. Various types of antenna arrays have been proposed for 28, 37, and 39 GHz systems. Fortunately, the continuous advancement of device technology makes it possible to build such an array cost-effectively. The cost to implement an active array, however, may be quite high. Active phased array with beamforming capability is an effective approach to achieve high performance for 5G millimetre-wave systems. To take advantage of the large bandwidth in millimetre wave, the system gain has to be significantly increased to compensate the severe propagation losses which are intrinsic in this spectrum. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has taken the initiative to approve the use of several bands in millimetre spectrum for 5G systems. In the next generation of the International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT), the millimetre-wave technique has been among one of the key technologies. Recent researches have shown that millimetre-wave spectrum is capable of providing the capacity required for future wireless data applications including cellular systems, LAN, fixed access, and backhaul. The experiment results agree well with the simulation and show that the antenna gain and the return loss bandwidth can be more than 21 dBi and 8%, respectively. The beamforming capability of the proposed array is also demonstrated. For validation of the proposed design, an array is fabricated with 16 elements on a substrate with 10 mil thickness and =2.2. Though the individual patch antenna is elliptically polarized due to the truncated corners, a phased array with linear polarization can still be obtained by alternately deploying left-handed and right-handed elliptically polarized patches. Then, the recessed microstrip feeds for the other two patches are designed to yield a proper current distribution for radiation while maintaining minimal return loss, wide bandwidth, and low sidelobes. This truncation generates two degenerate resonances which result in a flattened frequency response of the input impedance. To improve the antenna bandwidth, two of the patches are modified with truncated corners in the diagonal direction. A novel series-fed microstrip patch array antenna for 37/39 GHz beamforming is proposed.
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